All quotes from Valentin Turchin’s

When a number of systems become integrated so that a new level of control emerges, we say that a metasystem has formed. We refer to this process as a metasystem transition. A metasystem transition is, by definition, a creative act.

The metasystem transition is the quantum of evolution. Highly organized systems, including living creatures, are multilevel hierarchies of control resulting from metasystem transitions of various scales. Major evolutionary events are large-scale metasystem transitions which take place in the framework of the trial-and-error processes of natural selection. Examples include: the formation of self-duplicating macromolecules; formation of multicellular organisms; emergence of intelligent organisms; formation of human society.

Language is, as it were, an extension of the human brain. Moreover, it is a unitary common extension of the brains of all members of society. It is a collective model of reality that all members of society labor to improve, and one that preserves the experience of preceding generations.

We foresee the physical integration of individual people into “human super-beings,” which communicate through the direct connection of their nervous systems.